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Course Test

The first scientific paper to describe a group of people having ADHD and related disorders was authored by: [Help]

A Melchior Adam Weikard in 1775.

B William James in 1880.

C George Still in 1902.

D Sigmund Freud in 1935.

In 1994, the first edition of the DSM-IV stated that ADHD involved the following two symptom dimensions: [Help]

A Inattention and hyperactive-impulsive

B Inattention and working memory

C Working memory and response inhibition

D Hyperactivity and distractibility

Although still being debated, increasing weight is being given toward the core deficits in ADHD as comprising: [Help]

A Inhibition, spatial reasoning, and long-term memory.

B Attention, language development, and phonetic decoding.

C Activity regulation, energetic levels, and social judgment.

D Inhibition, executive functioning, and self-regulation.

Which symptoms of ADHD are likely to develop first: [Help]

A Antisocial behavior

B Substance abuse

C Oppositional disorder

D Hyperactive-impulsive behavior

The symptoms of ADHD: [Help]

A Occur at the same level of severity across all settings.

B Vary as a function of task reward, supervision, and other factors.

C Are always worse in the morning.

D Occur in episodes with periods of remission.

In which school settings do ADHD children show the least problems? [Help]

A When behavioral restraint is required

B When task directed persistence is required

C During special events (i.e., field trips, assemblies, etc.)

D None of the above

Which of the following is one of the adjustments that was made to the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for ADHD to insure that it is sensitive to the disorder across all ages: [Help]

A The symptom thresholds (6 of 9) for each item list was adjusted to 5 for clients older than 18 years old.

B Entirely separate items were written for females.

C Symptoms of oppositional behavior were included in the symptom lists.

D Items reflecting the emergence of low self-esteem were added to the lists.

The DSM-5-TR diagnostic criterion that ADHD develop by age twelve: [Help]

A Was appropriately changed from age seven in DSM-IV.

B Is to be adjusted for males separately from females.

C Does not apply to adults seeking treatment for ADHD.

D Should be adjusted back down to age eight.

Discrimination of ADHD children from other groups might best be achieved by which of the following: [Help]

A Blending the reports of parents and teachers

B Relying on teacher reports exclusively

C Obtaining reports from other children who know this child well

D Getting the reports of grandparents

Mental disorders like ADHD are considered valid or "real" if: [Help]

A Cultures define them as being disorders.

B The political party in power defines them as being disorders.

C Others perceive a person as requiring treatment.

D Scientific evidence exists that there is a disorder comprises a failure or significant deficiency in a universal mental mechanism that produces harm to those individuals.

The prevalence of ADHD varies as a function of: [Help]

A Age.

B Gender.

C Chronic health problems.

D All of the above.

Demographic information on ADHD indicates that it is: [Help]

A More common among upper class white Americans.

B More common in boys than girls.

C Not found in Asian countries.

D Found mainly among children of alcoholics.

The average age of onset of ADHD symptoms is: [Help]

A First year of life.

B Preschool years, at ages 3 to 4 years old.

C Middle school years.

D Young adult years.

During the developmental course of ADHD, which problems are likely to arise between 6 and 12 years old? [Help]

A Psychopathy

B Substance abuse

C Oppositional defiant disorder and aggression

D Hyperactivity

What percentage of clinic-referred children with ADHD will likely continue to have the disorder into adolescence? [Help]

A 5-10%

B 20-25%

C 50-80%

D 80-100%

The most common comorbid associated with ADHD are: [Help]

A Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD).

B Anxiety and mood disorders.

C Tic disorders and Tourette's disorder.

D None of the above.

Which of the following executive functions are argued by Barkley to be deficient in ADHD? [Help]

A Working memory

B Internalization of speech

C Planning ability

D All of the above

ADHD is often associated with which of these developmental disorders: [Help]

A Motor incoordination

B Language disorders and learning disabilities

C Peer relationship problems

D All of the above

In Barkley's theory, the executive functions are believed to develop via a common process which is represented by: [Help]

A Different types of information processing.

B Private, covert forms of behavior that have become self-directed.

C Social learning.

D None of the above.

The interpersonal behaviors of children with ADHD often include which of the following behaviors? [Help]

A Impulsive, intrusive, aggressive, emotional

B Cold, shy, fearful, and lying

C Manipulative, blaming, grudge-holding

D Excitable, bossy, mean-spirited

The most common problems found in the health outcomes of ADHD children are: [Help]

A Accidental injury, sleep problems, and driving impairments.

B Sleep problems, dietary allergies, and lung infections.

C Driving impairments, memory disorders, and early dementia.

D Intellectual disability, accidental injury, and autism.

Studies on the etiologies of ADHD have found: [Help]

A The disorder often arises from poor parenting.

B Diet makes a major contribution to risk for the disorder.

C Prenatal exposure to alcohol or tobacco increases risk for the disorder.

D The breakdown in the American family is a major contributor to the disorder.

What percentage of children and adults with ADHD are likely to fall into the impaired range on various tests of EF (executive functioning)? [Help]

A 90-100%

B 60-80%

C 35-50%

D 5-10%

The brain regions identified as likely being linked to ADHD are the: [Help]

A Left posterior hemisphere and hippocampus.

B Frontal lobe, basal ganglia, and cerebellum.

C Brain stem and spinal cord.

D Thalamus, pituitary gland, and optic pathways.

Maternal smoking and alcohol consumption: [Help]

A Cause a significantly elevated risk for ADHD.

B Are not involved at all in causing ADHD.

C Are the major cause of ADHD.

D Contribute a small risk for ADHD.

Genetics and heredity: [Help]

A Play a minor role in the development of most cases of ADHD.

B Have not been studied for their contribution to ADHD.

C Play a major role in the development of most cases of ADHD.

D None of the above

Elevated body lead burden has been shown to: [Help]

A Have no relationship to risk for ADHD.

B Have a small but consistent and statistically significant relationship to ADHD.

C Cause at least 50% of all cases.

D Contribute to nearly all cases of ADHD.

Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) (formerly Sluggish Cognitive Tempo): [Help]

A Is just a milder form of the Combined Type of ADHD.

B Shows a lower risk for oppositional and conduct problems and peer rejection.

C Represents a form of masked depression.

D Shows no differences from the Combined Type of ADHD.

Which of the following have been repeatedly noted in studies of CDS (SCT) children? [Help]

A Severe and pervasive deficits in executive functioning

B High rates of learning disabilities

C High rates of schizophrenia and autistic spectrum disorders

D Social passivity and withdrawal

The term Sluggish Cognitive Tempo was first used in 1980 in describing patients with: [Help]

A Intellectual disability.

B Narcolepsy.

C Autism spectrum disorder.

D ADD without Hyperactivity and later as ADHD - Predominantly Inattentive Type.

Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS/SCT) is now viewed as a: [Help]

A Variant of central auditory processing disorder.

B Separate attention disorder from ADHD but overlapping with it.

C Variant of sensory integration disorder.

D None of the above.

Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (SCT) symptoms can be usefully characterized as: [Help]

A Having a two dimensional structure (daydreamy-confused, sluggish-lethargic).

B Correlating very highly with ADHD symptoms and thus are indistinct.

C Arising from hypersomnia.

D All of the above.

Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (SCT) is associated with higher than typical rates of: [Help]

A Conduct disorder.

B Depression.

C Substance use disorders.

D Anxiety disorders.

Some studies have shown children with Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (SCT) may be responsive to: [Help]

A Social skills training.

B Atomoxetine.

C Cognitive behavioral therapy or behavior modification.

D All of the above.

Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (SCT) is associated with an elevated risk for: [Help]

A Bed wetting.

B Social withdrawal.

C Sleep walking.

D Ectopic dermatitis.

Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (SCT) symptoms are: [Help]

A More strongly related to deficits in executive functioning than are ADHD symptoms.

B Less strongly related to deficits in executive functioning than are ADHD symptoms.

C More likely to predict antisocial personality disorder and drug use.

D None of the above.

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